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<h1 id="Mysql"><a href="#Mysql" class="headerlink" title="Mysql"></a>Mysql</h1><h2 id="8版本新特性"><a href="#8版本新特性" class="headerlink" title="8版本新特性"></a>8版本新特性</h2><h3 id="1-降序索引"><a href="#1-降序索引" class="headerlink" title="1. 降序索引"></a>1. 降序索引</h3><p>索引创建默认升序，8版本可以指定降序索引。</p>
<h3 id="2-group-by默认不排序"><a href="#2-group-by默认不排序" class="headerlink" title="2. group by默认不排序"></a>2. group by默认不排序</h3><p>8版本前默认升序，8版本需要order by指定。</p>
<h3 id="3-支持函数索引"><a href="#3-支持函数索引" class="headerlink" title="3. 支持函数索引"></a>3. 支持函数索引</h3><p>创建索引时可以调用函数。</p>
<h3 id="4-自增变量持久化"><a href="#4-自增变量持久化" class="headerlink" title="4. 自增变量持久化"></a>4. 自增变量持久化</h3><p>在8.O之前的版本，自增主键AUTO_INCREMENT的值如果大于max(primary key)+1,在MySQL重启后，会重置AUTO_INCREMENT&#x3D;max(primary key)+1,这种现象在某些情况下<br>会导致业务主键冲突或者其他难以发现的问题。自增主键重启重置的问题很早就被发现(https:bugs.mysql..com&#x2F;bug.php?id&#x3D;199),一直到8.0才被解决，8.0版本将会对<br>AUTO INCREMENT值进行持久化，MySQL重启后，该值将不会改变。</p>
<h3 id="5-跳过锁等待"><a href="#5-跳过锁等待" class="headerlink" title="5. 跳过锁等待"></a>5. 跳过锁等待</h3><p>对于select.for share(8.O新增加查询共享锁的语法)或select..for update,在语句后面添加NOWAIT、SKIP LOCKED语法可以跳过锁等待，或者跳过锁定。<br>在5.7及之前的版本，select..for update,如果获取不到锁，会一直等待，直到innodb lock wait timeouti超时。<br>在8.O版本，通过添加nowait,skip locked语法，能够立即返回。如果查询的行已经加锁，那么nowait会立即报错返回，而skip locked也会立即返回，只是返回的结果中不包含被锁<br>定的行。<br>应用场景比如查询余票记录，如果某些记录已经被锁定，用skip locked可以跳过被锁定的记录，只返回没有锁定的记录，提高系统性能。</p>
<h3 id="6-innodb-dedicated-server自适应参数"><a href="#6-innodb-dedicated-server自适应参数" class="headerlink" title="6. innodb_dedicated_server自适应参数"></a>6. innodb_dedicated_server自适应参数</h3><p>默认关闭，如果开启，innodb则能够根据系统资源自适应服务器内存资源，会尽可能的多占用系统资源来提高mysql的性能。</p>
<h3 id="7-innodb-deadlock-detect参数"><a href="#7-innodb-deadlock-detect参数" class="headerlink" title="7. innodb_deadlock_detect参数"></a>7. innodb_deadlock_detect参数</h3><p>默认开启，8版本新增死锁检测参数。</p>
<h3 id="8-undo文件不再使用系统表空间"><a href="#8-undo文件不再使用系统表空间" class="headerlink" title="8. undo文件不再使用系统表空间"></a>8. undo文件不再使用系统表空间</h3><p>默认创建两个UNDO表空间，不再使用系统表空间。</p>
<h3 id="9-binlog日志过期时间精确到秒"><a href="#9-binlog日志过期时间精确到秒" class="headerlink" title="9. binlog日志过期时间精确到秒"></a>9. binlog日志过期时间精确到秒</h3><p>在8.0版本之前，binlog日志过期时间设置都是设置expire logs days参数，而在8.0版本中，MySQL默认使用binlog_expire_logs_seconds参数。</p>
<h3 id="10-DDL原子性"><a href="#10-DDL原子性" class="headerlink" title="10. DDL原子性"></a>10. DDL原子性</h3><p>数据定义语言（例如建表，删表等操作）支持原子性，8版本前不支持。</p>
<h3 id="11-参数修改持久化"><a href="#11-参数修改持久化" class="headerlink" title="11. 参数修改持久化"></a>11. 参数修改持久化</h3><p>MySQL8.0版本支持在线修改全局参数并持久化，通过加上PERSIST关键字，可以将修改的参数持久化到新的配置文件(mysqld-auto.cf)中，重启MySQL时，可以从该配置文件<br>获取到最新的配置参数。set global设置的变量参数在mysql重启后会失效。</p>
<h3 id="12-默认字符集"><a href="#12-默认字符集" class="headerlink" title="12. 默认字符集"></a>12. 默认字符集</h3><p>8版本utf8默认指向utf8mb4。</p>
<h3 id="13-默认存储引擎"><a href="#13-默认存储引擎" class="headerlink" title="13. 默认存储引擎"></a>13. 默认存储引擎</h3><p>系统表默认存储引擎时innodb。</p>
<h3 id="14-窗口函数"><a href="#14-窗口函数" class="headerlink" title="14. 窗口函数"></a>14. 窗口函数</h3><p>在聚会函数后加入over() 函数，对比于group by，group by是将整个结果集分组，分组的列不会出现重复，再去算出聚合函数的值。窗口函数会出现重复的列名。</p>
<h2 id="索引"><a href="#索引" class="headerlink" title="索引"></a>索引</h2><h3 id="b树和b-树的区别"><a href="#b树和b-树的区别" class="headerlink" title="b树和b+树的区别"></a>b树和b+树的区别</h3><ul>
<li>b+树的数据存储的叶子节点，存在数据冗余</li>
<li>b+树的叶子节点是一个链表结构<h3 id="索引结构"><a href="#索引结构" class="headerlink" title="索引结构"></a>索引结构</h3>InnoDB引擎：<strong>索引即数据，数据即索引</strong><br>用户记录中都会进行从小到大排序，目录记录中存储该用户记录页<strong>最小记录的值+页号</strong><br>所有用户记录存放在叶子节点，物理地址并不连续，数据页而是靠双向链表 (忘了可以去看页的page Hander)来查找上一页和下一页（在文件读写时会有随机IO的性能问题）<br><img src="" alt="索引结构"><h3 id="注意事项"><a href="#注意事项" class="headerlink" title="注意事项"></a>注意事项</h3><img src="" alt="索引注意事项"><h2 id="分库分表"><a href="#分库分表" class="headerlink" title="分库分表"></a>分库分表</h2><h3 id="简述"><a href="#简述" class="headerlink" title="简述"></a>简述</h3><blockquote>
<p>阿里开发手册：当数据量打到500w或者数据文件达到2g，就要考虑分库分表的问题。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="方式"><a href="#方式" class="headerlink" title="方式"></a>方式</h3></li>
<li>垂直分表: 从业务角度将表进行分库分表，没有从根本上解决效率问题。</li>
<li>水平分表：从数据角度将表进行分库分表，解决了性能效率的根本问题。<h4 id="分库分表策略"><a href="#分库分表策略" class="headerlink" title="分库分表策略"></a>分库分表策略</h4><ul>
<li>取模： 数据分布均匀，不易扩展</li>
<li>…</li>
</ul>
</li>
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        <ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#Mysql"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">Mysql</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">8版本新特性</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E9%99%8D%E5%BA%8F%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95"><span class="nav-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">1. 降序索引</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-group-by%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E4%B8%8D%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F"><span class="nav-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">2. group by默认不排序</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95"><span class="nav-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">3. 支持函数索引</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-%E8%87%AA%E5%A2%9E%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E5%8C%96"><span class="nav-number">1.1.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">4. 自增变量持久化</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-%E8%B7%B3%E8%BF%87%E9%94%81%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85"><span class="nav-number">1.1.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">5. 跳过锁等待</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-innodb-dedicated-server%E8%87%AA%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0"><span class="nav-number">1.1.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">6. innodb_dedicated_server自适应参数</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#7-innodb-deadlock-detect%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0"><span class="nav-number">1.1.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">7. innodb_deadlock_detect参数</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#8-undo%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%8D%E5%86%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%A1%A8%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4"><span class="nav-number">1.1.8.</span> <span class="nav-text">8. undo文件不再使用系统表空间</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#9-binlog%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E8%BF%87%E6%9C%9F%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%B2%BE%E7%A1%AE%E5%88%B0%E7%A7%92"><span class="nav-number">1.1.9.</span> <span class="nav-text">9. binlog日志过期时间精确到秒</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#10-DDL%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%80%A7"><span class="nav-number">1.1.10.</span> <span class="nav-text">10. DDL原子性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#11-%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E5%8C%96"><span class="nav-number">1.1.11.</span> <span class="nav-text">11. 参数修改持久化</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#12-%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E9%9B%86"><span class="nav-number">1.1.12.</span> <span class="nav-text">12. 默认字符集</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#13-%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E"><span class="nav-number">1.1.13.</span> <span class="nav-text">13. 默认存储引擎</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#14-%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="nav-number">1.1.14.</span> <span class="nav-text">14. 窗口函数</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">索引</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#b%E6%A0%91%E5%92%8Cb-%E6%A0%91%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="nav-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">b树和b+树的区别</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="nav-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">索引结构</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%B9"><span class="nav-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">注意事项</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E5%BA%93%E5%88%86%E8%A1%A8"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">分库分表</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0"><span class="nav-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">简述</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">方式</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E5%BA%93%E5%88%86%E8%A1%A8%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5"><span class="nav-number">1.3.2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">分库分表策略</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
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